Robert BOGG [18431]

  General Notes:

Old Bailey 7 Apr 1813 Robert Bogg was indicted and pleaded guilty before Mr. Recorder, First Middlesex Jury "that he on the 16th February, had in his custody and possession, divers forged; bank notes, he knowing them to be forged." He was sentenced to 14 years transportation.

He was also indicted for feloniously forging on the 16th February, a bank note for the payment of Five Pounds with the intention to defraud the Governor and Company of the Bank of England. Evidence was not offered on this second charge of forgery and he was aquitted on that charge.

Robert was transported to Australia on the General Hewitt as a convict. The ship arrived in Sydney 7 Feb 1814 and reported a high mortality rate during the voyage of 33 persons mainly from dysentry and typhus. This occasioned a Medical Court of Enquiry into the causes.

According to the ship records of the "General Hewitt" Robert Bogg was a native of Lincoln, calling - Shoemaker, aged 45 years, height 5ft 8", complexion - fair-sallow, hair - brown, eyes - hazel.

Robert Bogg Occupation Shoemaker Age 45 Birth year 1768 Conviction year 1813 Place convicted Middlesex County convicted Middlesex Country convicted England Sentence 14 Years Arrival year - Ship name General Hewitt Series Indents 1788-1842 (NRS 12188) Reel 393 Archive State Records Authority of New South Wales Record set Australia Convict Ships 1786-1849
Ref: Findmypast

When his family joined him he was granted a ticket of leave so he could work and support himself and family. Robert set up a shoemaking business in Pitt Street Sydney, where he employed others, including convicts and later his sons.

In 1825 he was granted a Conditional Pardon and The Sydney Gazette reported on 13th February 1828 "The undermentioned persons have obtained Certificates of Freedom during the last week Viz General Hewett - Robert Bogg" However there is an indication this was withdrawn and he remained a convict.

On 4 December 1826 Robert BOGG, of No. 2 Pitt Street, petitioned Charles Cowper (secretary to the Church and Schools Land Corporation & son of Rev. William Cowper), asking for permission to take Jonathan Donahoe from the Male Orphan School as an apprentice in his trade as shoemaker. It was recorded that Bogg was a "fit person to be entrusted with an apprentice..." and the term of the apprenticeship was said to be 5 years.
(Ref: SRNSW Orphan School Records - Series NRS 783; Reel 2776, pp155-6)

  Research Notes:

Roberts remains were reinterred at NSW Botany Pioneer Memorial Cemetery when the old Cemetery in the Sand Hills was taken for the site of Sydney Central Railway Station

  Other Records

1. Detailed Family History of Robert Bogg Snr.: Researched by David Becker Family Historian: Australia.
30 May 2013 Family Group Sheet
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Husband: Robert BOGG #6208
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Born: c12 May 1769 in Lincolnshire, England 1
Baptized: 7 Jun 1779 in Lincolnshire England 1
Died: 30 Apr 1829 in Sydney NSW 2,3
Occupation: Boot and Shoemaker
Buried: 2 May 1829 in Old Central Cemetery, (Sandhills) Sydney NSW. 4
Buried: Remains moved to NSW Botany Pioneer Memorial Cemetery 4
Buried: from St. Phillip's C/E Church Sydney NSW
Father:
Mother:
Robert Bogg (Bogg Senior) arrived in Sydney on 7th February 1814 on the
"General Hewitt". Personal history on Robert Bogg was partly supplied by Lorna
Parr and Ken Fletcher and included by Elizabeth Cook in her book "Journey to a
new Life" describing the journey as follows:-
"Chapter Five.

The 'General Hewitt'

With over 200 male prisoners on board, the General Hewitt, a first-class ship
of 973 tons, was sailed from England for New South Wales in August 1813 by
Captain Earl with a crew of 104. Many of these men had left wives and children
behind, and ten (1) of these families were able to receive permission from the
British authorities to follow as free passengers on the 'Broxbornebury' almost
a year later, including the wife and off spring of Francis Howard Greenway,(2)
who was to become the Colony's first architect. Their first stop after
Portsmouth was Madeira, Spain where the convicts spent nine days below decks.
It is believed that the two highly contagious diseases, typhus and dysentery,
originated from this stay. By the time they reached Rio de Janeiro on the
coast of Brazil, nineteen men had died and the others were growing weaker from
lack of hygiene and poor rations. There were thirty-four deaths on the voyage.
Soon after the 'General Hewitt's' arrival in Sydney in February 1814, Governor
Macquarie wrote to Under Secretary Goulburn back in England that the ship:
"with a Detachment of the 46th Regt. and 267 Male Convicts from England, have
arrived here, having only anchored in Port Jackson between 12 and one o'clock
this day. The Troops are healthy, but the Convicts on board the 'General
Hewitt' have been and are still sickly, having lost no less than 33 of them
during the Voyage."(3 ) Unfortunately, this news was not received back in
England for several months, and of the free women on the Broxbornebury, Mrs
Elizabeth Toft,(4) arrived in the country to find herself a widow. Her husband
had died on the journey in August 1813.
Notes-
1. The families were: Bogg; Toft; Greenway; Fernance; Thompson; Byfield; Wood; Johnson;
McCowan;and Howell
2. See GREENWAY, Mrs Mary
3. HRA Series I Volume VII, pl38 (Macquarie to Goulburn)
4. See TOFT. Mrs Elizabeth."
Ref. Elizabeth Cook in her book "Journey to a new Life"

An enquiry was held before Darcy Wentworth, Principal Surgeon, William Redfern
Assistant Surgeon, and Edward Luttrell Assistant Surgeon into the mortality
rate of the convicts on the voyage out to Australia and is set out below:

"Historical Records of Australia
pages 245 to 247.

Proceedings of a Medical Court of Enquiry, holden at Sydney in New South
Wales, 16th of March, I814, by order of His Excellency the Governor, in order
to enquire into the causes of the very great mortality among the Convicts on
board the Transport "General Hewitt" during the Passage from England to New
South Wales.

Mr .Richd. Hughes, Surgeon of the General Hewitt Sworn:-

QUESTION : What number of Convicts was received on board the General Hewitt?
ANSWER ; 300 Convicts
Q : From what place or places were they received?
A : From Woolwich, Sheerness, Portsmouth and Langston.
Q : What was their general state of health on being received on board the transports?
A : Some of them were in a state of Debility.
Q : If a number of Convicts was in a state of a Debility to render them
unifit to proceed on the voyage, why did you not object to them?
A : I would have objected to about 15 or 16 had there been time to have done
so previous to the sailing of the Ship.
Q : Is it not usual for an Inspecting Medical 0fficer to see the Prisoners
after embarking on board the Transports, in order to ascertain whether there
be any among them labouring under infectious diseases or otherwise unfit to
proceed on the voyage?
A : I have been Surgeon to two Convict Ships from England and to one from
Ireland; In Ireland the Convicts were, after their Embarkation, carefully
examined by a Physician and Surgeon, but it has not come within my knowledge
that such examination has been instituted in England.
Q : Were the Prisoners sent on board the General Hewitt without any Certificate respecting their Health?
A ; They were accompanied by a Certificate stating that they were in good
health, signed by the Surgeon of each respective Hulk.
Q: Did that Certificate correspond with your opinion respecting their state of health?
A ; Not with the whole of them.
Q : Did you conceive that any of them labored under infectious diseases?
A : No.
Q: How long did the Ship remain at Portsmouth after she had received the last of the Convicts?
A : Three days
Q: How long had you been on your Voyage before disease appeared among the Prisoners?
A : About 5 Weeks shortly after we quitted Madeira,
Q : What did you conceive the nature of the Disease to be which appeared among them?
A : Chiefly Dysentry.
Q : What number was attacked with Dysentry at this early part of the voyage?
A : About 12 or 14 within the first fortnight after quitting Madeira.
Q: As you had an opportunity of seeing the Convicts two or three times a day.
and consequently of observing the various circumstances connected with their
situation, we wish to know from what causes you conceive the Dysentry to
arise?
A : About the period at which they were attacked and for some days previous
the weather was very wet, which prevented the Prisoner's from going on deck as
usual. During the rain the Bedding got wetted and the continuance of the rain
prevented them from being dried; they were put together in a heap and suppose
somewhat heated, and as the Prisoners lay on them in this wet state I conceive
that the state of the weather, the wet Bedding, and the Confinement below had
much share on the production of the Disease
Q: How did it happen that the Bedding was suffered to remain so long on Deck
during the rain as to become wet?
A: We were fumigating the Prison Deck with their Bedding, when a squall came
suddenly on and drenched them before the Prison could be opened and the
Convicts get below.
Q: In a former part of your examination you stated that there was a number of
Convicts much debilitated when they were received: Did you perceive that those
thus debilitated were more liable to disease than others?
A: Yes, they were.
Q: In answer to the question respecting the nature of the disease that
prevailed among the convicts, you stated that Dysentery chiefly prevailed what
other diseases manifested themselves?
A : No other disease of consequence appeared at this early part of the voyage,
Q : What was the state of the convicts health when you arrived at Rio de Janeiro ?
A : A great number was very sick and ill of Dysentry.
Q: Was the prison regularly & properly cleansed, fumigated & ventilated.
A: The prison decks were dry scraped and swept daily. The prison and hospital
were fumigated with oil of tar and sulphur twice or thrice a week, and
sprinkled with vinegar every day. Windsails were kept constantly down the
hatchways and scuttles, whenever the weather would admit.
Q: Were the sick duly supplied with the articles of comfort put on board for their use?
A: All that was put on board was served out to them.
Q: Was there a sufficient quantity of the articles of cornfort for the use of the sick put on board?
A: I do not think there was enough of tea and sugar,
Q: Were the convicts during their stay at Rio de Janeiro supplied with a
different quantity of fresh meat and vegetables?
A: I do not conceive that they were supplied with a sufficient quantity fresh
meat, as several of the convicts complained to me that they had not
sufficiency, but on my representing to Captain Earl that the prisoners were
dissatisfied with the quantity of meat, He increased it, and there were no
more complaints. With regards to vegetables they had plenty,
Q: Do you know what was the daily ration served to each convict at Rio Janeiro?
A: I do not know.
S; Were the convicts supplied with fresh fruit during their stay at Rio Janeiro?
A: It was not the fruit season. They were however supplied with as much as could be obtained.
Q: What was the general health of the convicts when the ship quitted Rio Janeiro?
A; Very sickly and many of them reduced to a state of very great DebiIity.
Q: lf the convicts were in so bad a state of health, why did you not object to the ship proceeding to sea?
A: I did not think that I possessed the authority to object to the sailing of the ship,
Q: As the convicts were in so sickly a state, why were they not landed as the
sick of several ships had been on former occasions?
A: When I came out as the Surgeon on the Providence, I made application to
send two men to the hospital at Rio de Janeiro. and when I was Surgeon of the
Aeolus a similar application was made by the Surgeon on the Gambier, and both
were refused; l therefore conceived an application would be unavailing.
Q: How often and in what number were the convicts admitted on deck?
A: Previous to our arrival at Rio Janeiro, they were divided into three
divisions, one of which was admitted upon deck in rotation. The whole were
admitted up in the course of the day; and at the times in which the ship was
undergoing fumigation all the prisoners were on the deck at once. After
quitting Rio Janeiro the whole of the prisoners had access to the deck.
Q: How many convicts died on the passage?
A; Thirty four.
Q: Did they all die of dysentry?
A:. No. The greater number died of dysentry, four of typhus, two of apoplexy,
two of remitting fevers, and two of extreme debility without apparent disease.
Q: During what part of the voyage did the greater part of the mortality take place?
A: About nineteen died on our passage to and during our stay at Rio de
Janerio the remainder on the passsage from Rio to Port Jackson.
Q: From what causes did the typhus fever arise?
A: I cannot exactly say, three of them had been previously afflicted with
dysentry, and much debilitated and labouring under great depression of spirits
for a considerable time before they were attacked with typhus.
Q: Did it come within your knowledge that a part of the convicts ration of
salted beef was purchased from them by Captain Earl and if so in what Quantity
it was witheld?
A: I did know that some ration of salted beef was purchased by Captain Earl
from the prisoners, but I cannot speak as to the quantity that was witheld; l
shall however beg leave to add in explation, that an application was made by
the prisoners to Captain Earl requesting him to purchase a portion of their
salted beef during the hot weather, as they alleged that they could not eat
it, and if they did, they were fearful it would dispose them to scurvy, and
that they wished to be paid for it on their arrival at Rio de Janeiro, that
they might purchase other articles more congenial to their tastes and better
suited to their situations. Captain Earl refused to comply with this request,
"til I informed him it was done by Captain Barclay in the Providence, by
Captain Adie in the Aeollus and by Captain Harrison in the Gambier
Q: As you have stated in evidence that the convicts, previous to their
arrival at Rio de Janeiro, were in a very debilitated state, did it never
occur to you that a subduction of a portion of their ration might have had a
considerable share in producing that debility?
A: No it never did.

Jno. Harris Esq. sworn:-

Q: As you came out passenger in the General Hewitt, and was for a length of
time Surgeon of the 102nd. Regiment stationed in this colony, and consequently
well acquainted with the nature of the service, which we are now
investigating, will you have the goodness to state about what time the
sickness commenced on board the General Hewitt among the convicts?
A: I think it was about six or seven weeks after our quitting England .The
surgeon in answer to my frequent enquiry told me that a number of the
prisoners was attacked with dysentry. I went down to the sick birth (sic) to
visit them with him; I enquired particularly into the mode of treatment, was
satisfied that it was correct? I advised him to persist in the use of salts
and tantalized antimony in divided dose, it having been a plan often from
which I had experienced much benefit in the treatment of my dysentry patients
during my former residence in this country.
Q: Were you requested to visit the sick at any other period of the voyage?
A: Yes. I visited them frequently and gave such advice as I judged best
calculated to benefit them,and which was in every instance complied with.
Q: From the opportunity you had of making observations on the general state of
health and of the management of the convicts in particular,during the voyage,
will you be kind enough to state what you conceive to have been the causes
which induced so great and unusual degree of sickness and mortality among the
convicts in the General Hewitt?
A; I conceive that the causes originated in the first instance in the extreme
wet weather, and the bad state of the bedding in consequence of being wetted.
For I very frequently visited the prison and never saw any place better fitted
up, nor kept in a more cleanly state, and the prisoners had frequent and
indeed almost constant access to the deck.
Q: Did you conceive that the convicts were treated with humanity and attention
by Captain Earl and Mr.Hughes the surgeon, during the voyage?
A: I have certainly every reason to think so, I know nothing to the contrary.
Q: Did it come within your knowledge that Captain Earl had purchased a portion
of the convicts ration of salted beef during the voyage?
A: I never heard of it until at this enquiry,

D.Wentworth Principal Surgeon
Wm.Redfern Assistant Surgeon
Edwd.Luttrell Assistant Surgeon

Governor Macquarie to the Commissioners of the Transport Board
April,1814"

Robert Bogg was indicted and pleaded guilty before Mr. Recorder, First
Middlesex Jury at the Old Bailey on the 7th April 1813, for "that he on the
16th February, had in his custody and possession, divers forged; bank notes,
he knowing them to be forged.". He was sentenced to 14 years transportation.

He was also indicted for feloniously forging on the 16th February, a bank note
for the payment of Five Pounds with the intention to defraud the Governor and
Company of the Bank of England. Evidence was not offered on this second charge
of forgery and he was aquitted on that charge.

According to the ship records of the "General Hewitt" Robert Bogg was
convicted at Middlesex Gaol Delivery on 7th April 1813, Sentence was 14 years,
Native of Lincoln, Calling - Shoemaker, Aged 45 years, Height 5ft 8",
complexion - fair-sallow, Hair - brown, Eyes - hazel. The Master of the
General Hewitt was Percy Earl, Mr. Hughes the Surgeon, sailed from England.
Ref. Fiche 634, page 507, Film 393, Shelf 4/4004. Notations - Ticket of Leave
- 718, Conditional Pardon - 92.

His wife Mary and their children Robert, Charlotte, Charles, Thomas,
Elizabeth, and Eliza arrived on the 'Broxbornebury' on the 28th July 1814.

Robert was granted a ticket of leave on 1st August 1814. Ref. Page 390, COD
18, Reel 601, a Conditional Pardon on 23rd June, 1825 No. 9. 23-6-1825, and a
Certificate of Freedom on 8th February 1828, No. 28/0103. 8-2-1828. Ref.
4/4292 Reel 983.

When his family joined him he was granted a ticket of leave so he could work
and support himself and family and not be a burden on the Government. He was
then described as 5 ft 8'' tall, dark ruddy complexion, dark brown hair, and
hazel eyes. Robert set up a shoemaking business in Pitt Street Sydney, where
he employed others, including convicts and later his sons.

They had another child, Ann Bogg, born in Sydney in 1815. Ann Bogg died at the
age of 10 months. Mary Bogg died in 1819 aged 50 years.

Details appearing in the 1822 Muster show as follows:-

A 01625 Robert Bogg, Status CP, Ship of arrival "General Hewitt", Sentence
14 years, Occupation Shoemaker, Residence Sydney.

When Robert Bogg Jnr. left Sydney aboard the "Venerable" in 1823 he is
described as the son of Robert Bogg, Elizabeth Street, Sydney.

In 1825 Robert Bogg was granted a Conditional Pardon (although he said he had
one in the 1822 Census) making him a free man.
The entry of the Conditional Pardon issued on 23rd June 1825 is endorsed:-

"Cancelled and torn up 8th February 1828
The holder always a convict
A Certificate of Freedom issued No. 28/103"

The Sydney Gazette reported on 13th February 1828:-

"The undermentioned persons have obtained
Certificates of Freedom during the last week
Viz General Hewett - Robert Bogg"

Robert Bogg obviously fell out of favour or overstepped the mark with someone in authority.

He lived for a while with Ann Mason who had reached NSW as a free woman on the
ship "Northhampton in 1815. He subsequently entered into an association with
Mary Cowle. (Cawle). A child Robert was born in 1825 prior to their marriage
in 1826.

Permission to marry was granted to Robert Bogg "General Hewitt" Ref.
Register No. 1-494, 1826-1828.

Entry No. 88, Robert Bogg, 47 years, "General Hewitt",
and Mary A. Cawle (Cowle), 25 years, "Indry" (3)
9th June, 1826
Rev. W. Cooper, Sydney.

They were married on 10th July 1826 at St. Phillip's Church Sydney. The
witnesses were Reuben Pate and Jane Ford.

Details appearing in the 1828 Census show as follows:-

B1500, Robert Bogg, age 65 years, Status FS, Ship of arrival "General Hewitt",
Trial 1813 Old Bailey, Sentence 14 years, Religion P, Occupation Bootmaker,
Residence Pitt Street Sydney.

C779 Mary Cawle, aged 22 years, Status- Government Servant, Ship of arrival
"Mary", Tried in London in 1823, Sentence of 7 years, Religion Protestant,
Wife of Robert Bogg, Bootmaker, Pitt Street Sydney.

C780 Robert Cawle, Aged 3 years, born in the colony. Son of Mary Cawle and Robert Bogg.

Nothing is known of Robert Cawle/Cowle.

Robert and Mary had a son James born on 1st March 1829 who died aged 10
months. Robert Bogg Snr. died the following month.

Charles Bogg and a friend Henry Chantler, were charged in August 1827 with
stealing a gold watch from Robert Bogg's house (Charles' father!). The watch
belonged to Mary Ann, the second wife of Robert Bogg. Both men were found
guilty and sent for 7 years to the Penal Settlement at Moreton Bay, Qld.

On 12 September 1826 Robert BOGG, of No. 2 Pitt Street, petitioned Charles
Cowper (secretary to the Church and Schools Land Corporation & son of Rev.
William Cowper), asking for permission to take George Gregory from the Male
Orphan School as an apprentice in his trade as shoemaker. Rev. Cowper gave
Bogg a good reference.

(Source: SRNSW Orphan School Records - Series NRS 783; Reel 2776, p110) [Have
copy] [Note: Gregory would have been aged about 15 at this time. He had
arrived in Sydney in 1814 on the ship "Broxbornebury" with his mother &
siblings. Robert Bogg's wife Mary & children also travelled to NSW on the same
ship)

On 4 December 1826 Robert BOGG, of No. 2 Pitt Street, petitioned Charles
Cowper (secretary to the Church and Schools Land Corporation & son of Rev.
William Cowper), asking for permission to take Jonathan Donahoe from the Male
Orphan School as an apprentice in his trade as shoemaker. It was recorded that
Bogg was a "fit person to be entrusted with an apprentice..." and the term of
the apprenticeship was said to be 5 years.

(Source: SRNSW Orphan School Records - Series NRS 783; Reel 2776, pp155-6)
[Have copy] [Note: Donahoe was also listed on the Orphan School index for
1828, so possibly the apprenticeship did not go ahead.

The 1828 census also reveals that Mary Carrol, aged 35, arrived aboard the
'Lady Rowena' in 1826 under sentence of seven years, was a servant to Robert
Bogg at Pitt Street Sydney.

When Robert Bogg died he was buried on the 2nd May 1829 from St. Phillip's
Church in Sydney and interred in the old Central Cemetery in the Sand Hills.
This cemetery was situated on the site of the present day Central Railway
station. When central station was developed at the end of the nineteenth
century the remains were reburied in the Pioneer Park Cemetery 2 at Botany.
Lorna Parr arranged for the headstone to be put out into the Botany Cemetery.
A photo of the headstone memorial is included herein. In the Church Burial
Register he is described as Robert Bogg, aged 65 years, Boot and Shoemaker. In
the Permission to Marry Mary Ann Cawle in 1826 he is described as being 47
years. This age would agree with his Baptism record in 1779 aged 26 days.
Robert Bogg would therefore be aged 50 when he died in 1829. Based on his age
shown when he was transported to Australia he would have been aged 60 years on
his death. Note the 1828 Census says he was 65 in 1828, and the headstone in
the Pioneer Cemetery shows an age of 64 years. It is not possible to explain
the age differences. The Mutch Index describes the age of Robert Bogg when he
married Mary Ann Cawle as being 27 years. The age difference in the Mutch
Index appears to be the apparent confusion between Bogg Junior and Bogg
Senior.

For the first five years church services in the colony were held in the open
air or in temporary buildings around Sydney Cove. The settlement's first
church was a wattle and daub building built in 1793. Built near the
intersection of the present day Hunter and Castlereagh streets, the cost of
the building, approximately £67 12s 11½d, was provided by Rev. Richard
Johnson. Lieutenant-governor Francis Grose, who succeeded Phillip, was just as
reluctant to provide any funds or labour for an official church. The building
was a T-shaped design with a nave 75 feet long by 15 feet. The transepts were
40 feet by 15 feet. The church had a thatched roof and an earthen floor and
could seat 500. During the week the building served as a schoolhouse where the
Rev. Richard Johnson and his wife, Mary, taught between 150 and 200 children.
Johnson was not re-imbursed for the costs until 1797.

A south East View in Sydney, extending from the old to the new Barracks,
including the Church, Pitt and Spring Rows in 1798. From An account of the
English colony in New South Wales... by David Collins. Engraving, Q 79/60.
See Photo.

Johnson's church was in use until 1798 when allegedly a group of disgruntled
convicts burnt down the building in response to Governor Hunter's decree that
all residents in the colony including officers and convicts were to attend
Sunday services. After Johnson's church had been burnt down plans were made to
build St Phillip's Church on Church Hill (Lang Park). Governor Hunter laid the
foundation stone in 1800 but due to building problems the church did not
finally open until 1809. The original St Phillip's stone church was replaced
in 1857 by the current church designed in the Gothic style by Architect Edmund
Blacket.

St. Phillips [ie Philips] Church Sydney, 1809, by John Lewin Watercolour, PXD 388. See Photo

Throughout the governorship of Governor Hunter and Macquarie a number of
churches were opened or begun. The foundation stone for St James Church was
laid in October 1819 and churches were established in Newcastle (1818),
Windsor ( foundation stone1817) and Campbelltown (1823). In 1836 Governor
Bourke intoduced the Church Act. By providing government subsidies for land
and church construction the act promoted the building of Churches and chapels
across the colony. The Act was strongly apposed by members of the Anglican
Church, particularly Bishop Broughton, as it formalised government support for
the Catholic and Presbyterian churches and weakened the position of the
Anglican Church in the colony.

Notes by Elizabeth Hook.
Notes for Robert BOGG:
7 April 1813 -
Robert BOGG was convicted of having "in his custody & possession, divers
forged bank notes, he knowing them to be forged" on 16th February -at the Old
Bailey Court, London. He received a sentence of transportation for 14 years.
At the same time he was acquitted of "forging...a banknote for the payment of
5 pound with intention to defraud the Governour (sic) & Company of the Bank of
England". (Reference - PRO Old Bailey Session Papers)

7 February 1814 -
Robert BOGG arrived in Sydney, NSW as a convict on the ship General Hewitt.
The ship had carried 300 male prisoners & during the voyage, 34 died of typhus
or dysentery.

28 July 1814 -
Robert's wife Mary & six children arrived in Sydney as free passengers on the ship Broxbornebury.

8 August 1814 -
Ticket-of-Leave -
Number - 86/718
Name - Robert BOGG
Vessel - General Hewitt
Year Arrived - 1814
Where Convicted - London 1813
Term - 14 years
Native Place - Lincoln
Calling - Boot & Shoemaker
Year of Birth - aged 46
Height - 5'8"
Complexion - Dark ruddy
Hair - Dark brown
Eyes - Hazel
Date of Ticket - 8 Aug 1814
General Remarks - Cancelled - having received a Conditional Pardon No. 92. (Reference - SRNSW )
1814 Muster -
# Robert BOGG, General Hewitt, Convict, Off stores, TOL, Shoemaker (5117)
# Mary BOGG, Broxbornebury, Free, Off Stores, 6 children, wife to R Bogg (6620)
September 1815 -
Mary & Robert have a seventh child, daughter Ann, born in Sydney.

March 1819 -
Mary BOGG, wife of Robert, died in Sydney.

1822 Muster -
#Robert BOGG, CP, General Hewitt, 14 years, Shoemaker, Sydney (A01625)
# Rebecca BOGG, aged 17, BC (?), servant to A. Levey, Sydney (A01624)
# Elizabeth BOGG, aged 14, CF, Broxbornebury, child of R. Bogg (A01626)
# Eliza BOGG, aged 9, CF, Broxbornebury, child of R. Bogg (A01627)
# Charlotte BOGG, CF, Broxbornebury, wife (?) of R. Bogg (A01628) [Charlotte
was the daughter of Robert, not his wife]
# Ann MASON, CF, Northampton, wife of Robert Bogg, Sydney (A14444)

1823-25 Muster -
# Robert BOGG, CP, General Hewitt 1814, Life, Shoemaker, Sydney (12372)
# Rebecca BOGG, CF, Broxbornebury 1814, wife of Robert
# Elizabeth BOGG, CF, Broxbornebury 1814, daughter of Robert
# Eliza BOGG, aged 13, BC, daughter of Robert
# Charlotte BOGG, aged 11, BC, daughter of Robert
[Notes - Eliza & Charlotte were NOT BC, but came per Broxbornebury - also
record of Rebecca is not (?) the wife of Robert, but Ann MASON, CF,
"Northampton" 1815, (12313 & 32305) was probably his defacto. There were also
8 convict workers - Daniel Casey, Charles Cooper, John Dunstan, George Jones,
William Johnson, Edward Mortimer, William Smith & John Strachan were
assigned/employed by Robert BOGG).

23 June 1825 - CONDITION PARDON -
Name - Robert BOGG
Arrival - General Hewitt 1814
Native of - Lincolnshire
Trade - Boot & Shoemaker
Tried - Middlesex 7 April 1810
Sentence - 14 years
Height - 5 feet 8 inches
Complexion - Ruddy
Hair - Dark to grey & nearly bald
Eyes - Hazel. (Reference - SRNSW Col Sec Register of Conditional Pardons - 4/4430 p196)

10 July 1826 -
Robert Bogg, a widower, married Mary Anne COWLE in St Philips Church Sydney.

1828 Census -
Robert BOGG, aged 60, FS, "G. Hewitt" 1813, 14 years, Prot, Bootmaker, Pitt St, Sydney (B1500)
Mary CAWLE (sic), aged 22, GS, Mary (London) 1823, 7 years, Prot, wife of
Robert Bagg (sic), Bootmaker, Pitt St, Sydney (C0779)
Also 2 servants listed

1 March 1929 -
Robert & Mary Anne's son, James BOGG is born.

30 April 1829 -
On his headstone at Botany Pioneer Cemetery, this is the date listed as the
death of Robert BOGG, aged 60.

11 May 1829 -
The burial service was held for 65 year-old Robert BOGG, shoemaker, at St
Philips C of E, Sydney. (Reference - NSW BDM Parish Registers - V1829-8479-l
2C)


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wife: Mary BOGG #6209 died at age: 50
Married: c1798 in probably Lincolnshire, England her age: 29
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Born: c1769 in probably Lincolnshire, England
Died: 22 Mar 1819 in Sydney NSW 5
Buried: in Old Central Cemetery, Sydney NSW
Father:
Mother:
After her husbands conviction and sentence to transportation in 1813 Mary
brought her 6 children to Sydney on the "Broxbornebury" after petitioning the
Government. Mary and her family arrived only six months after Robert on the
28th July 1814. Mary's life in Australia was short. She gave birth to daughter
Ann in September 1815, but the child only survived to the following July.
Mary's death is recorded in the Burial Register of St. Phillip's Church in
Sydney on 22nd March 1819, her recorded age was 50 years.

The story of voyage to Australia by Mary Bogg and her children is set out in
the book "Journey to a New Life" written by Elizabeth Hook and published in
2000. Information on the Bogg family is partly supplied by Lorna Parr and Ken
Fletcher, family historians. The story of the journey in part as told by
Elizabeth Hook is set out hereunder:

"Chaper 2.

"The 'Broxbornebury' left Portsmouth England before daylight on Tuesday the
22nd of February 1814, bound for Sydney Cove in the Colony of New South Wales
on it's first and only voyage there. On board, commanded by the owner Captain
Thomas Pitcher Jnr.(1) with a crew of seventy, were one hundred and twenty
female convicts (some with children), twenty-eight free families, most
comprised of women with children whose husbands were convicts with life
sentences already transported to the Colony and several well-to-do passengers.
The ship had been hired by the English Authorities (2) and the Surgeon for the
journey was Doctor Colin McLachlan.(3) Originally it had been planned to
banish one hundred and ninety convicts as well as the others from the 'Emu'.
(4) The average age of the convicts was twenty-nine years and half had been
tried in London.

The 'Broxbornebury' had been British built, weighing seven hundred and fifty
tons and was protected by fourteen guns.(5) First stop for the
'Broxbornebury' was on the 3rd of March at the Spanish port of La Corunna
Island.(6) This area had been formerly settled by the Romans in the 1st
century, later ruled by the Moors and the Portuguese before being annexed to
Spain in the 15th century. Captain Pitcher had to have the ship repaired after
they encountered a storm at sea two days before. Fresh provisions were bought
and the prisoners' and free settlers bedding was aired after becoming wet. The
women convicts would have certainly kept below decks while they were anchored
but not kept in chains, as were male convicts on other voyages. They stayed
for six days until the 9th of March. On the 15th they made anchorage in
Funchal, the capital of the Madeira Islands (7) which was a Portuguese
property since the year 1420 and was situated six hundred and forty five kms.
west of Morocco, off the West Coast of Africa. Famous for it's wine, four days
were spent there, again loading fresh stores and water. This was to be the
last stop until they reached dry land in Sydney, four months later.

Life on Board.

Compared to the male prisoners on other ships, women convicts in general had
more freedom on board. This also had an effect on their general health, as the
letter written in October 1814 from Governor Lachlan Macquarie to the
Commissioner of Transport in England shows, "....not one of the Transports,
employed exclusively in bringing out female Convicts, has had a contagious
disease among them. Why. The Answer is obvious. From the women, there is
nothing to apprehend with regard to the safety of the Ship; they have
therefore unrestrained access to the deck, and in general are on it, so that a
perfect renovation of the air of their prison is constantly taking place. On
this principle, and on this alone, is the absence of Contagion to be Accounted
for. " (8)

Two women convicts and two young children died on the voyage as well as two
sailors. Life on a sailing ship could be dangerous, with various accidents
occurring, including falling down the hatch for one sailor (although it was
said he was drunk at the time!), a bad scald for a young child, and also quite
a few fights among the crew and the women. As they came closer to the Equator,
sunburn also became a problem.

Convicts and free passengers were segregated during the voyage. (9) The
families travelling to join their convict husbands were not invited to take
their meals with the well-to-do travellers, such as Sir John Jamison or J.H.
Bent, who had the best cabins and a cook that had previously worked for the
Earl of Essex. When their water became stale, they could add brandy to hide
the taste. Fishing was also a favourite past-time for the privileged few, and
the sharks and sea-birds added to the food rations.

Children of the prisoners would have had to share accommodations with their
mothers. After their dinner of a night, if the weather permitted, they would
sing and dance on deck. The convicts were given wine every second day. They
went without food or water several times when the ship encountered storms.

There were also animals on board, including sheep and pigs to provide fresh
rations and at least one cat to keep the rat population down, who lost his
life after a fight with Gypsy, J.H. Bent's dog. On Sundays when he wasn't
feeling unwell. Reverend Vale would give a service to all on board, and
religious books were supplied to the convicts.

Notes -
1. See PITCHER, Captain Thomas Jnr.
2. SRNSW Col Sec Papers (Reel 6004; 4/3493 p228)
3. See McLACHLAN, Doctor Colin
4. See Appendix 4
5. PRO Admiralty (ADM 108/24 p30)
6. See Map Chapter 3, page 15
7. See Map Chapter 3, page 17
8. HRA Series I Vol VII, p290 (Macquarie to Bathurst)
9. PRO Admiralty (ADM 108/24 p30)

Comprehensive detail of the voyage is set out in "Journey to a New Life" published by Elizabeth Hook.

Chapter Three

The Broxbornebury: Journal of a Voyage.

The only surviving record of the journey to New South Wales in 1814, is
contained in the Diary written by one of the passengers, Jeffery Hart (J.H.)
Bent.(1) In history books, J.H. is portrayed as very arrogant and a
troublemaker. The Journal shows another side to the man. The author was sent
from England to become the Colony's first Supreme Court Judge, carrying the
Charter of Justice. He had been recommended by his brother Ellis Bent, a
Judge-Advocate, who had arrived in Sydney in 1809 and was friendly with
Governor Macquarie. Jeffery Bent after his arrival had many quarrels with the
Governor on many subjects, including his refusal to admit ex-convict Attorneys
to practice. Jeffery had a lot of influence over his younger brother Ellis and
they soon became a huge problem to the Governor, as they tried to undermine
his authority. Macquarie wrote to England saying he wanted the brothers
removed from their positions or he would resign. Notice of their dismissal was
sent from Britain by Lord Bathurst, but before it arrived Ellis Bent had died.
Jeffery Bent totally ignored the letter of recall and continued in his
position until December 1816 when Macquarie issued a Government order
declaring J.H. Bent to have no authority in the Colony as a Judge of the
Supreme Court. He finally left to return to England, where he suggested to the
Colonial Office that he should be made Governor of New South Wales. In 1820 he
was appointed Chief Justice in Grenada, West Indies. He caused trouble there
in 1829 and was transferred to Trinidad and later St. Lucia. By 1836, he was
in British Guiana, still in the West Indies and he died there in 1852, aged
seventy one.

Life for all on board was rarely, if ever, boring. Originally written as a
private account, it covers two hundred and six pages in the original form, but
has been condensed by me as follows:

Saturday 10th Feb. Bent arrived at Portsmouth, England at 2pm.
Sunday 20th Feb. He boarded the 'Broxbornebury' in the afternoon but there is no wind to sail.
Tuesday 22nd Feb. They weighed anchor this morning, before daylight. Bent is
upset at "being rushed out of town" by Goulburn. He did not think it was the
right time of year to sail, because of the weather.
Saturday 26th Feb. The seas were very rough. They nearly hit another ship.
Sunday 27th Feb. Impossible to hold Divine Service, seas too turbulent and Rev. Vale (2) is ill.
Tuesday 1st March. Very bad storm, at 2am the main top-sail splits.
Wednesday 2nd March. Only Irish stew for dinner! The gale increased during the
night and six sheep were drowned. The convicts screamed when the gale struck,
all on board thought they would not survive the night. Because of the weather,
this day the convicts had no food or water.
Thursday 3rd March. At daylight a sailor climbed the rigging to repair it and
saw land. They tied up at San Antonio on La Corunna Island. The
'Broxbornebury' was refitted with the help of a Royal Navy ship, because Sir
John Jamison (3) knew the other Captain. The convicts were in a miserable
state, with lots of water below.
Friday 4th March. The convicts bedding was taken up to dry and fires lit
below, to dry it all out and water was pumped. Bent and Jamison went ashore to
call on the Consul. They ordered fresh provisions and spirits for the
convicts.
Saturday 5th March. Bent left the ship to buy some things for Mrs Greenway. He
saw a crowd of people in a market square and was told that an execution was
to-take place at 4pm. He said that he couldn't stay, as that was dinner time!
That night, some other ship's Captains dined with them on board. Captain
Pitchers was eager to continue the voyage.
Sunday 6th March. He went ashore with Jamison and Captain Palk of the Royal
Navy ship, and went to church.
Monday 7th March. Bent bought 8 1b of chocolate, 8 bottles of Spanish liqueur
and 8 Dutch cheeses for Mrs Greenway.
Tuesday 8th March. Mr. Horsley (6) had been on shore for three days, staying
with Colonel Burke, a relation of his. He hadn't liked Spanish cooking very
much, and brought back eggs, onions, lemons and a couple of hares to take to
sea. They could not sail this day, as they were waiting for some fresh beef
(although they sailed the next day without it). After everyone was asleep this
night, the Gunner and his Mate went down into the magazine to fill cartridges.
They filled 60 cannon and 100 musketry. Every light was out, shoes were taken
off, every precaution taken against sparks. Bent was the only one who knew
they were doing this and worried about an explosion, but knew it had to be
done. Bent wasn't in a hurry to leave La Corunna. He said the place was full
of Portuguese on their way to join Lord Wellington's Army and that the Corunna
people were dirty, but not drunkards like most Englishmen. He said that when
English sailors get to a country with cheap wine, they make themselves into
"strange beasts". During his stay, he never had an invite to any house "good,
bad or indifferent".
Wednesday 9th March. They weighed anchor at noon. Bent was "stationed" with Mr
Horsley. Mr Owen" was the Second Officer on the ship.
Saturday 12th March. All the men were marshalled at arms for training, in case
of attack. Mr Horsley was in command and Bent acted as his Lieutenant but the
crew were very awkward at their posts.
Sunday 12th March. No Divine Service was held again, the seas were too rough.
The convicts received no food or water the night before or this morning.
Religious books were given to the convicts; they had been donated by a
Religious Tract Society.
Monday 13th March. They should see Madeira today in the distance. Rev. Vale is
still sick, as were seven sailors. This day the convicts and the free settlers
were allowed on deck. In the night Bent went below to see how the convicts
were faring and found too many candles burning, they must have brought plenty
of money, as they had personally paid for them.
Tuesday 15th March. They are to stop for a while on the Island of Madeira.
Wednesday 16th March. One of the sailors, Antonio, is visited on board by his
father and two brothers, who were very happy to see him.
Thursday 17th March. Jamison and Bent dined with the Island's Consul. Mr
Horsley and the Captain supped with a wine merchant. JH remarked that there
lots of tropical fruits, many he hadn't seen before.
Friday 18th March. Captain Pitcher, Bent, Sir John and Mr Horsley, had been to
dinner with one of the locals. On their arrival back on the ship they saw the
Gunner's Mate had dreadfully beat one of the women convicts, "almost killed
her". Mr Owen the Second Mate, had then struck the sailor, knocking him down,
and put him into irons. Mr Horsley was said to be a "little merry" and he had
a bit of a fight with Sir John, but in the morning they were good friends
again.
Saturday 19th March. The Captain and Bent went ashore for a short while. Not
long after they pulled anchor and left.
Sunday 20th March. Divine Service was held by Rev. Vale on the quarter-deck at
11 am under an awning. The audience were all the women convicts, the settlers
and as many of the sailors as could be spared. This was the first Service held
on board.
Monday 21 March. After breakfast, there was a court-of-inquiry into the
conduct of the Gunner's Mate. He was sentenced to 36 lashes and the woman
involved was sentenced to be stood in the pillory for two hours. (Why was she
sentenced? They waited until the 1st of April to punish her). The sentences
were read in front of the assembled crew. Bent didn't watch the flogging, "not
very pleasing sight". The seaman yelled loudly and only received half the
punishment.
Wednesday 23rd March. They passed the island of Teneriffe, with the peak a
magnificent sight of clouds and snow.
Thurday 24th March. Mr. Horsley made a sketch of the peak and gave it to Bent.
While they were having their tea, the convicts were dancing on the deck. The
Captain ordered the piper to play for them and they amused themselves till
near 9pm, many had fine voices.
Friday 25th March. They saw a shoal of porpoises. At noon, the women
entertained themselves with dancing, as before. The weather was warm this day.
Bent walked the deck in the evening till l pm, before going to bed.
Saturday 26th March. Flying fish were seen. The ship was "steering a course to
the eastward of the Cape Verde Islands in order to avoid any privateers". They
were still training men in case of attack. A little boy amused them on deck,
tumbling, his mother a convict for uttering forged notes, his father a free
settler on the Surrey. Their name was Gregory (8) and his father did tricks at
fairs (an acrobat?), and the boy said he could tumble while on horseback. This
was the same boy who had been whipped for stealing water.
Sunday 27th March. The sheep were watered, they were eager for it. Water was
put into wine bottles and then placed in their mouths. Divine Service was
held, "Mr Vale does not improve in his sermons".
Monday 28th March. This evening the convicts danced to the piper. The Captain
and Sir John played cards with Bent and Mr Horsley. A seaman by the name of
Packman (9) was said to be very ill. Rev. Vale saw him and he was moved to the
sick bay. "The convict women are very attentive to him ".
Tuesday 29th March. This day was washing day, two convict women were employed
in this, washing the cuddy (kitchen/dining area) and Bent's berth. All the
convicts brought their bedding up on deck to be aired.
Wednesday 30th March. Breakfast was at 8am as usual. Before they had tea, but
now it's coffee. They saw some sharks nearby. Lunch usually consists of bread,
cheese and wine. Tonight the convicts were singing.
Thursday 31st March. The day was nice and warm, no rain since leaving
Madeira. The convicts danced again. A man called Graham fell down the hatch,
not hurt, he was drunk.
Friday 1st April. Sightings of various ships were seen from the mast and a
number of sharks, some were caught. After breakfast, a court-martial was held
for the drunken sailor. He said he had taken a bottle of wine from the hold,
but on inspection two dozen bottles were found to be missing. He was sentenced
to 24 lashes. The wine had belonged to Sir John. After the punishment, the
woman convict who had been attacked on the 21st of March was brought out to be
put in the pillory. She grabbed a pair of scissors and stabbed herself, but
wasn't badly hurt. Her hands were then tied behind her, but she threw herself
onto the deck, hitting her head. She then held her breath, to suffocate
herself it was said! The surgeon, Mr McLaclan (10) intervened with the Captain
and urged him to forgive her, and said it would be a lesson to the others. The
weather was hot, and that night the convicts played games on deck. "It was
pleasant to see them so merry, on the whole they are tolerably quiet and
easily managed. Captain Pitcher says he would rather have them than soldiers
whom he had last voyage, by a great deal".
Saturday 2nd April. Washing day again. It has been 65-75 degrees Farenheight
(17-25 Celsius) since Madeira. The convicts were "generally very healthy". The
night was too hot for Bent to sleep, 81 degrees (27 Celsius).
Sunday 3rd April. Sir John caught a shark on a line and when cooked it looked
like veal cutlets. Divine Service was held, "the convicts behaved very well".
The prisoners were each given an extra pint of water "on account of the heat".

Monday 4th April. Their fresh water "smelt abominably and is not to be drunk
without a little brandy to hide the bad taste ". Captain Pitcher states that
they will not stop at the Cape of Good Hope for supplies, only in an
emergency.
Tuesday 5th April. At 1 p.m. a squall came up, the rain fell in torrents. The
convicts and crew caught a good deal for fresh water and to wash their
clothes, "which was much required by one old woman of the name of Watkins, who
had not washed anything since leaving England". She had been convicted of
murder at Hereford, and had a boy, which she never left out of her own
custody". She was thought to have taken some things belonging to other
convicts, but nothing was found on her.
Wednesday 6th April. Many of the children suffered from prickly heat. The cook
on board for the free passengers was formerly cook to the Earl of Essex. Two
women were fighting and the Captain asked Bent to sort it out. Mary Ann
Daid,(12) an Irishwoman, was so angry at being badgered by another woman, that
she acted like a mad-woman and Sir John "recommended her a straight-jacket".
Mary had beaten Alice Tomlinson,(13) who she accused of taking a watch. The
theft had been previously attributed to Mary who was punished. Bent believed
Mary's story of innocence and only told her to behave in the future.
Thursday 7th April. A poor child who has been ill for some time, died last
night and was buried this morn, Mr Vale gave service, name of Murphy, the
mother an Irish woman who in the evening was howling, in the Irish fashion.
Friday 8th April, Good Friday, but no service because of wild seas. Towards
evening, black clouds and lots of vivid lightning were seen. A significant
argument had occurred between the Captain and Sir John a few days before. Sir
John had an opinion about the sails and the Captain told him to "mind his own
business". During the day Sir John went below to the sick bay to visit an ill
convict and found tarpaulins over the hatchways, put there because of the
storm and he told the Captain to take them off, as it was suffocating down
there. The Captain told him his place was in his own cabin and did not have
his permission to go below decks. Sir John was not happy to be embarrassed in
front of everyone and he told the Captain "the cause of humanity took him
there, of which the Captain had none". Bent could not see how the two could
resolve their differences.
Saturday 9th April. Sir John caught another shark. That night the sky was very
bright with stars, and Bent walked the deck till midnight.
Sunday 10th April. Easter Sunday, Divine Service held. Not much breeze for the
sails, only three miles travelled in three days.
Monday 11th April. Sir John and the Captain were still not talking. Bent
thinks that the Rev. Vale takes offence where none is meant.
Tuesday 12th April. The whole ship is getting ready for the arrival of Neptune
as they cross the Equator, and Bent doesn't know what to expect during this
ritual.
Wednesday 13th April. King Neptune (a crew member in costume) arrived at noon.
He was supposed to "christen" with water anyone who had not crossed the
Equator before. He was assisted by the Armourer's Mate, dressed as Amphitrite.
Buckets of water were thrown about and Mr Horsley accidentally gets wet. It
was great amusement for all.
Sunday 17th April. A bird called a Booby, alighted on the ship and was made a
"prisoner". He tried to sleep but would bite anyone coming too close. The ship
is still not making much distantance, no wind.
Monday 18th April. A sailor fell down the hold while trying to bring up provisions.
Wednesday 20th April. A convict called Ann Rowe (14) went sick, part-paralysed.
Thursday 21st April. Mrs. Vale was unwell, with red and swollen joints. Bent's
dog, Gypsy, attacked a kitten in the cuddy. Bent saved it, but later it was
not improved so He had to "break it's neck and throw it overboard".
Friday 22nd April. The day before it had been two calender months since they
left England. "I heartily wish I had never left it", groaned Mr Bent. The cook
scared the women by saying he had dreamt before leaving England, that the ship
capsized. This evening a minor disturbance occurred with the convicts as they
were getting their wine allowance, but the fight was soon sorted out.
Sunday 24th April. Sir John complained of gout.
Monday 25th April. Bent grumbled that the Captain was confusing them,
sometimes saying they were to stop at the Cape of Good Hope and then saying
they are not.
Thursday 28th April. Seas are very rough this day.
Sunday 30th April. They passed the Martin Vas Islands, which are only two
large rocks in the ocean, one with a beach, completely deserted of vegetation.
Tuesday 3rd May. The Captain complained that they drink too much wine, 6 or 8
bottles a night, but Bent says there are 12 at the table. Sir John and the
Captain seem to have made up their differences.
Wedneday 4th May. They saw the sails of a Brig and were worried it might be an
American Privateer. The 'Broxbornebury' hoisted her colours but the other ship
ignored them. They went to "stations", they were all ready for action. Bent
had his pistols all loaded and bayonets were by their sides. The other ship
finally raised Portuguese colours and stopped to talk. They were also worried
about pirates in the area. The ship had come from Rio and St. Salvador.
Thursday 5th May. The Portuguese Brig is sailing in close company.
Sunday 8th May. No Divine Service, Rev. Vale was unwell again. Bent thinks the
Reverend doesn't like performing the service and is very glad of an excuse not
to. The weather is fine, the ship steady, but later in the night the wind
becomes very fresh.
Tuesday 10th Mary. The convict women were given wine every other day. Mary Ann
Daid (McDedy in the journal) usually gives hers away.
Thursday 12th May. The Captain has a problem with one of the crew who was
"insolent". This started a commotion among the rest of the crew. While the
first man was being tied up, the women convicts were ordered below. The sailor
received 24 lashings. The men are universally dissatisfied mainly with
complaints of not enough to eat.
Sunday 15th May. Many of the children were sun-burnt, Mrs Vale was sea-sick
and Sir John was healthy but "getting fat" from no exercise.
Monday 16th May. By their reckoning, they are still 7,191 miles (11,000 km) from New South Wales.
Wednesday 18th May. They go fishing on lines for sea birds, to be cooked like pigeons.
Thursday 19th May. The seas were calm and Bent walked in the sunshine on the
deck trying to conquer his impatience to leave the ship. The sea birds were
cooked into a pie and eaten.
Sunday 22nd May. Nearly abreast of the Cape of Good Hope. The settlers were
being noisy and Bent said they were nearly as bad as the convicts, if not
worse.
Monday 23rd May. Harris (l6) the Chief Mate, had been eleven voyages to India
and had never passed the Cape in such calm weather.
Wednesday 25th May. Mr. Horsley woke Bent to tell him they have sighted a
sail, and at 11am they were at "stations". It turns out to be the ship
'Alacuity', a Brig from London to the Cape. Their Captain came on board to
dine and sent them some pumpkins, oranges, lemons, two fat sheep and four
pigs. They gave him in return four or five gallons of Brandy.
Thursday 26th May. Everyone dancing on deck again, very merry.
Friday 27th May. A sailor called Roukman (17) was seen to fall overboard from
the first sail yard. Everyone was confused and panicking but they managed to
turn the ship around and launch a lifeboat, with Mr Owen and two sailors.
Roukman was nearly gone, but they found him just in time and started back with
him. The women made a great noise and were sent below. The sailor was alive
and well, a great praise to Mr Owen and his men.
Thursday 2nd June. With no wind, the ship has lost 26 miles (41 km) since yesterday.
Friday 3rd June. Water was caught a few days ago for washing. The "convicts
are a sad set". One of them, Ann Wardle (18) was found by her companions to
have stolen clothes and she was forced to eat her meals alone. Other things
have gone missing on the ship, supposedly stolen by the convicts. "They are
treated well, but they cannot leave off old habits". Bent thinks they may see
New South Wales at the end of this month, he is sick of being on a. ship, "it
is a prison, truly enough".
Saturday 4th June. A celebration was held for the King's Birthday, with mutton and currant jelly to eat.
Sunday 5th June. Rev. Vale preached a service and told the convicts not to
swear or teach their children to swear. Bent believes that Sir John is
arrogant.
Thursday 9th June. Sails were seen, a cargo ship, her colours raised and she
tried to come closer but the wind blew her way from them.
Friday 10th June. Mr. Harris the First Mate, who had been twenty years in the
India service, said he had never seen the weather so bad as this day. Every
bit of timber in the ship was shaking and there were great squalls.
Saturday 11th June. Bent says the ship is fit, but complained about some of
the officers. The Third Officer was not fit for his station and the
Quarter-Master in his watch was a drunkard. Three of the helmsmen were
incompetent, one was not fit to be trusted in a big gale. The food had been
good but not the wine. The sole amusement had been squabbling, of which Bent
said he was not fond. The gale continued all night with great violence.
Sunday 12th June. After dinner Bent kept the first watch with Mr Harris, till a quarter-of-twelve.
Monday 13th June. The rain stopped and the sun came out. The hatchways had
been closed for the last three days to stop the rain going down into the
convicts and settlers berths. A woman was on deck to dry out some of her
clothes and they started to blow away, a chemise and some stockings went
overboard. Bent guessed that they will arrive in New South Wales about the
10th of July. The rain started to drizzle again during the night.
Tuesday 14th June. This morning at 2 o'clock, a little stranger made it's
entrance into this troublesome world, "a fine little girl", the child of a
convict woman called Anderson.(19)
Wednesday 15th June. Upon awakening, Bent found the sea smooth and calm and
the weather improved. A "poor little girl" was scalded while carrying boiling
water.
Thursday 16th June. A small child who had been ill a long time died from boils
and "a species of consumption, and was committed to the deep at 8 o'clock,
when few were present".
Saturday 17th June. The night before last, a "tremendous motion was perceived
in the ship". On inspection the ship was sound and it was thought to have been
an earthquake or been struck by a whale. There are fourteen weeks of fresh
water left on board at their current usage of 1600 gallons a week. Two babies
have died so far this trip and another due to be born any day.
Thursday 23 June. This morning another convict, of the name of Thornton, (20)
was brought to bed of a fine boy. She had a very bad time. Sir John and the
Doctor were both there and it was doubted whether the child or the mother must
be sacrificed to save the other. But fortunately they saved both". The child
born on Monday was a girl and this one a boy. The two babies that have died
were also a boy and girl.
Saturday 25th June. During dinner, a sailor in the lookout called "breakers".
They all ran out to have a look, but Sir John said it was a school of whales
about 1/2 a mile away. They were much relieved.
Wednesday 29th June. They performed a burial for a man named Bott (21) who
died the night before. He had been ill for a long time with no chance of
recovery, except had they made land. The butcher and a Portuguese called
Antonio Casilla (22) carried Bott up to the deck for the internment. A
handkerchief had been placed over the dead man's face, but when it dropped
off, Casilla screamed and dropped the body. After the funeral a sailor,
Antonio Jose (23) who had been climbing the mast, went missing. The ship was
searched but he couldn't be found.
Thursday 30th June. Bent discovered the fate of the missing sailor, who had
been a good mariner and good-natured. He had apparently fallen while climbing
the rigging, because of some rotten ropes, and no-one was on deck at the time
to hear him call out. He would have drowned. Bent says there were 500 people
on the ship. (24)
Saturday 2nd July. "While my friends in England are enjoying the summer, I am
stuck in my wooden box, braving the elements and when they are very hot, I am
pinched with cold."
Monday 4th July. They are hit with very bad squalls, much rain and hail. In
bed was the warmest place this day for Bent, Sir John and Mr Horsley.
Tuesday 5th July. Peter Defino (25) an Italian sailor, expressed his belief
that Antonio Jose's ghost is on board! He had seen the ghost the evening
before in the galley. Another sailor, Antonio Casilla, said he had been asleep
below in the dead man's bunk, and the ghost laid a cold hand on him. They were
both frightened and would not return below.
Wednesday 6th July. Because of no moon and adverse weather conditions, it was
decided by the Captain not to go up the eastern coast to Sydney via Bass
Strait, but around Van Diemen's Land, although it would make a longer trip.
The weather has been bad since passing the Cape of Good Hope.
Friday 8th July. This day the Rev. Vale buried a poor woman of the name of
Lummes. (26) Her death had been aggravated by the poor weather and violent
motion during the gale.
Monday 11th July. The sun broke out and it was a nice spring day.
Tuesday 12th July. Mr. Harris calculated that they would reach Sydney in
eleven days, although Mr Owen thinks it will be the 30th before they land.
This afternoon, a poor woman convict who had been ill of consumption died. Her
name was Catherine Sweeney (27) a Roman Catholic.
Wednesday 13th July. After breakfast, Catherine Swinney was "buried in the
deep". They hadn't seen land for 3 months, but hope to see some tomorrow. The
first to see it gets a bottle of rum! So everyone will be on the lookout.
Thursday 14th July. A court-of-inquiry is held on the Gunner's Mate. The
Captain had two dozen bottles of cherry brandy placed in the Gunner's store
room. The Gunner's Mate had been found with a bottle of it on him and admitted
to drinking 18 of them, but when they looked, there were only two left, so it
was decided he had drunk them all. He was sentenced to 22 lashes (one for
every bottle), and was to lose his post.
Friday 15th July. No wind, they still haven't seen land. Some of the sick are in a dangerous way.
Sunday 17th July. The day was very hazy and foggy. They saw a strange sail,
some thought she was the 'Surrey', but most thought it was a whaler. About 4pm
they sighted land with high mountains.
Monday 18th July. A huge thunderstorm hit and there was much lightning. Bent
was very anxious for their safety.
Thursday 21st July. Bent declared that the convicts were starting to "lose
their courage and not knowing what kind of reception they shall meet with,
don't much wish to get there". Things are being readied for landing including
the passenger lists of the convicts and settlers that would go to the
Governor.
Friday 22nd July. The Captain's sow (pig) had a litter of ten born yesterday
and they were put in the galley to keep warm. About noon. Rev. Vale read the
service for a little convict child, name of Howell (28) who died of
consumption yesterday.
Saturday 23rd July. At noon, they believe they are only 80 miles (128km) from Sydney.
Sunday 25th July. Towards evening the strange sail is seen again, about twelve miles away.
Monday 25th July. At daybreak, land was sighted and everyone was excited. They
had sailed in a current during the night and were now only forty miles from
Port Jackson and Sydney. About 2pm they saw the sail of the other ship in the
distance. As it got closer they hailed her and were astonished to see it was
the 'Surrey' (29) with whom they had sailed from England. The other ship's
Captain was found to be ill in bed and delirious with fever. They said they
did not need any stores, only medical assistance. Captain Pitcher and the
others were told the other ship had lost forty one men and all the others on
board were also sick, the Doctor and every Officer. The ship was being
navigated by the Boatswain. The people on the 'Broxbornebury' were anxious not
to be exposed to the disease although they would stay in convoy with the
'Surrey' to Sydney.
Tuesday 26th July. This morning a boat was sent from the 'Surrey' with a man
believed to be Major Stewart, to talk. His boat was not allowed to get too
close. He told them that after leaving them at the Bay of Biscay, the 'Surrey'
stayed nine days in Rio, sailing from there on the 22nd of April. Two weeks
later they started to get sick, one of their Officers was now dead. Captain
Patterson was dying, the two Mates were in bed and the Doctor was ill. The
only one who could navigate was the Boatswain and he had taken ill last night,
leaving no one to steer the ship. Captain Pitcher said he would send one of
his men to take over this afternoon, one of his best helmsmen, called Nash
(30). Nash was given advice to look after his health, some medical supplies
and went on board the other ship.The 'Broxbornebury' would keep them company
and not desert them. Many of the convict women had their husbands as free
passengers on the 'Surrey' and many of the settlers on the 'Broxbornebury' had
convict husbands on the other ship. One or two saw their husbands and
rejoiced. It is thought they are sixty miles to port.
Wednesday 27th July. They hailed Captain Nash on the 'Surrey', as he was now
to be called. About noon, they saw the heads of Botany Bay. Signals were sent
from here to the Governor in Sydney, telling him of their arrival. A ship came
out to pilot them in. At dusk they headed in, but the Surrey was to stay
outside all night. Bent's friend Captain Piper, the Naval Officer of the
settlement, was on the pilot ship and they delivered dispatches to him from
the Governor and Bent's brother Ellis. "I never intended to make it, till were
in sight of the town ". A flag was raised as a signal and they worked up the
harbour all night, with Bent having trouble sleeping. "Reaching port had the
same effect, which anxiety use to have".
Thursday 28th July. Bent woke to find them at anchor. Letters were sent
between Bent and Governor Macquarie, about the type of reception he was to
have on landing. Finally he went on shore via Captain Piper's boat, after a
thirteen gun salute, to be met by his brother Ellis and Governor Macquarie's
aide-de-camp. "I was thankful to that providence which had watched over our
preservation, and put up a prayer for a happy meeting with all my friends and
a safe return."

Notes
1. National Library of Australia, Canberra, (reference - mfm 24752).
See also BENT, Jeffery Hart
2. See VALE, Reverend Benjamin
3. See JAMISON,Sir John
4. See GREENWAY, Mrs Mary
5. See PITCHER, Captain Thomas Jnr.
6. See HORSLEY, Captain John
7. See OWEN, Mr
8. See GREGORY, Mrs Henrietta
9. See PACKMAN, Mr
10. See McLACHLAN, Doctor Colin
11. See WATKINS, Mrs Mary
12. See DAID. (McDade/McDeedy) Mary Ann (spelt McDedy in Journal)
13. See TOMLINSON, Alice Thomason (spelt Thomason in Journal)
14. See Rowe, Ann
15. See VALE, Mrs Mary Ann
16. See HARRIS, Mr
17. See ROUKMAN, Mr
18. See SMITH, Ann [alias Wardle)
19. See ANDERSON, Isabella
20. See THORNTON, Mrs Sarah
21. See BOTT, Mr
22. See CASILLA, Antonio
23. See JOSE, Antonio
24. Total number of persons on board cannot be determined, but approximately 300
25. See DEFINO, Peter
26. See LUMMES, Ann (spelt Lomas in Journal)
27. See SWEENKY, Clara (spelt Swinney in Journal)
28. See HOWELL, Mrs Elizabeth
29. See Chapter 4, re the "Surrey"
30. See Nash, Samuel

Chapter Six

The Arrival: Sydney in 1814

During the year 1814, transported and landed in New South Wales from England
and Ireland included eight hundred and twenty nine men and three hundred and
thirty two women.(1) The one hundred and nineteen female prisoners on the
'Broxbornebury' accounted for more than one third. The estimated population at
that time was about twelve thousand people in the Colony. New South Wales
covered a huge area from the far north of what is now Queensland, all the way
south along the coast including what is now Victoria & Tasmania. Settlements
were restricted in the beginning to be placed along the coastline because of
the difficulties of passing over the Great Dividing Range & the harsh terrain
found inland. In 1814 Matthew Flinders, an early explorer, suggested the name
Australia be adopted officially & Governor Lachlan Macquarie first referred to
it in a letter in 1817. As the ship neared Sydney Town, J.H. Bent's journal
records that the women prisoners on board "....were starting to lose their
courage and not knowing what kind of reception they shall meet with. ..".(2)
What they found was a chance for a new and better life, whose future usually
depended on their good behaviour until their sentence had expired. The wives
and families coming to join their convict husbands would have had the same
hopes.

In "Lachlan Macquarie, His Life, Adventures and Times", MH Ellis wrote that
"The Broxbornebury' had come in, bringing Mr Jeffery Bent, the Reverend Mr
Vale, Sir John Jamison and other strange characters". (3) Also aboard the ship
was a number of stores for the Colony.(4) Some of the "slop" clothing and
bedding was found to be slightly damaged by "...rats and other means during
the voyage thither..." These were to be sold at public auction and the money
was to go to the ship's owner. Captain Pitcher also asked to land "...two
pipes of spirits to defray certain enumerated expenses..." but he was informed
by Thomas Campbell that "...owing to the Exclusive Privilege of importing
Spirits into this Colony vested in the Contractors of the General Hospital..."
and that he had permission to sell to the Contractors who should give him a
good price. (5)

The Governor of New South Wales in 1814 was Lachlan Macquarie (1762-1824). He
had arrived in Sydney late in 1809 and was sworn in on January 1st 1810. His
wife Elizabeth accompanied him and he was the replacement for Governor Bligh,
after he was deposed by Major Johnston. Macquarie had very strong views about
the treatment of convicts sent to the Colony and later after they had
completed their sentences and became emancipists. He saw a future for the
Colony in the years to come when New South Wales would be more than just an
outpost, and used all his authority to build roads, churches and many public
buildings, until his departure early in 1822. Macquarie's vision included
freedom from persecution for all prisoners when they became free men (or
women). Previous to his arrival, they had mainly been treated as second-class
citizens with little or no rights and he found a lot of opposition to his
views from the Pure Merinos (free settlers and soldiers). Governor Macquarie
complained to the English authorities that "... several free Women, Wives of
Convicts, Arrived as Passengers...(on the Broxbornebury). Many of these Women
have large Families of Children, and None of them having the Means of
Subsistence. I have been Under the Necessity of putting them All on the Store
for some time...". Macquarie then complained that this was not the first time
that such things had happened and added: "... beg leave to suggest to your
Lordship that I Conceive the Wives of Convicts should not be allowed Passages,
or permitted to proceed hither, unless they Give Satisfactory Proof of their
possessing the Means of Supporting themselves and their families Without
becoming a Burden on this Government."

In 1817 the Governor wrote to the authorities in Britain sending a list of
names "...of Persons residing at present in the Colony of New South Wales, who
have always manifested an Opposition to the Measures and Administration...."
He also stated that the twelve people listed " ... have all along been in the
habit of writing Home the most gross misrepresentations ..."(7) He had
previously complained about Jeffery Hart Bent and Reverend Vale,(8) two
passengers from the 'Broxbornebury', and was instrumental in having them
recalled to England. In this latest letter, Macquarie stated that Sir John
Jamison and Captain John Horsley were also strongly opposed to his views.
Another person mentioned was Doctor Throsby, step-father of George Barber,(10)
another free settler. George Williams also gained the ire of the Governor,
when he was one of the signatures on a Petition sent back to England
complaining about Macquarie, and also when he refused to print a certain
government advertisement. Was the Governor being paranoid or was a conspiracy
hatched during the voyage? Or was it a coincidence that most, if not all, the
wealthier free settlers from the ship expressed their grievances against him?
When Macquarie left the country to return to England, he was justly proud of
his building achievements (of which he listed 265 items of construction, many
of which had been designed by Francis Greenway), the founding of five towns
and the support given to emancipated convicts who had proven their good
behaviour. On his headstone in Scotland, Macquarie was called "Father of
Australia" (12)


The Conditions.

When the women convicts arrived, the usual treatment was to assign as many as
possible to work for the free settlers as domestic servants. This took the
burden off the Government, as their master or mistress then had to feed and
clothe them. The women who were left were taken to Parramatta to be housed in
the old Female Factory, located on the second floor of the men's gaol. A new
building exclusively for women was built in 1821. They found a system of rules
and regulations governing their behaviour and had to work hard to receive an
early reprieve. The first step was to receive a:-

1) Ticket-of-Leave (TOL) - Introduced about 1810 - Permission to be
self-employed or to seek paid occupation within a certain district and removed
from the rations (stores) list. They had to attend Church and musters weekly
and could not move from the area. Holders were not required to wear prison
garb and could also now apply to be married.
2) Sometimes next was a Conditional Pardon (CP) - Given to convicts before
their sentences were lapsed. They were free men or women but could not return
to England or Ireland.
3) Very occasionally was given an Absolute Pardon (AP) - Had to be recommended
by the Governor and approved by the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the now
ex-convict could return to Britain if they desired.
4) The Certificate of Freedom (CF) - Was introduced in 1810 and issued at the end
of their sentence, to show that they were now free.

Notes -
1. Convicts and the Colonies by AGL Shaw p365
2. See Chapter 3, Thursday 21st July
3. Lachlan Macquarie, His Life, Adventures and Times by M.H. Ellis, p370
4. See Appendix 4
5. SRNSW Col Sec Papers (Reel 6004; 4/3493 p303)
6. HRA Series I Volume VII, p296 (Macquarie to Bathurst)
7. HRA Series I Volume IX, pp500-501
8. See BEMI, Jeffery Hart and VALE, Reverend Benjamin
9. See JAMISON, Sir John and HORSLEY Captain John
10. See BARBER, George
11. See WILLIAMS, George
12. Lachlan Macquarie, His Life, Adventures and Times by M.H. Ellis, p477

Chapter Eight - The New Life

Crime and Punishment

On their arrival in Sydney most of the female prisoners from the ship were
sent to the old Female Factory at Parramatta. Governor King had erected this
building in 1802 and it was used until 1821 when a new structure was finished
under Governor Macquarie. As well as acting as a prison for punishment it was
also a safe place or asylum where they were housed until assignment to a
Master or reassigned and they were also despatched to the Factory during
pregnancy or illness. It was not uncommon for women with money of their own to
be given permission to find their own lodgings when there was not an adequate
number of beds available. They were all expected to work during their stay,
mostly weaving a coarse woollen material but sometimes the worst offenders
were sentenced to hard labour, such as breaking stones. Incarceration was the
most common form of punishment given to women disobeying the rules or laws as
well as fines from the Colonial Courts. A few were whipped or placed in stocks
on public display or given diets of bread and water and solitary confinement.

Overall they were better treated that male prisoners, who were often placed
in iron chains and the case of "Broxbornebury" convict Alice Robson seems to
be an exception. She had been living in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) since
1818 with her husband and had a two month-old child in her arms when she was
made to walk sixty kilometres with an iron collar weighing about three kilos
around her neck.(1) Her only crime was to have left her husband after physical
abuse while pregnant and sought refuge with William Leith, Principal
Superintendent of Works and Convicts at GeorgeTown.

When the 'Broxbornebury' women arrived in the Colony in 1814, female convicts
were divided into two classes at Parramatta. First Class consisted of the
destitute, newly arrived, sick, pregnant or with young children. Second Class
were the criminal class of women, charged with offences in NSW. In First Class
the better behaved women were waiting to be assigned and could apply to be
married. They were sometimes allowed the freedom to work part-time outside the
walls during the afternoon. Governor Darling changed conditions in the Female
Factory about 1826 and separated the women into three sections. First Class
was to remain the same but now Second Class inmates were classed as
probationary, working their way from the bottom of the ladder by staying on
their best behaviour for three months. This section included women sentenced
for minor offences by a Magistrate or who had shown insolent or disorderly
behaviour to the Factory staff during their stay. And Third Class women were
those under punishment with a more serious colonial offence for a crime
committed since their arrival or having broken the rules during their stay at
the Factory. Several "Broxbornebury" women were still in and out the Factory
for many years after their arrival. Some of the women re-offended and were
taken before the Courts and sent back to Parramatta or another penal
settlement such as Newcastle, north of Sydney or Van Diemen's Land
(Tasmania).(2)

It was not only some of the "Broxbornebury" convicts who later faced the
Colony Courts. Charles Bogg who arrived with his mother and siblings as a boy,
later became a shoemaker like his father, Robert Snr. Although Robert received
his freedom through good behaviour, Charles became a convict after stealing a
watch from his father's household and was given a seven year sentence,
spending many years in Penal Settlements such as Moreton Bay (Qld) and Norfolk
Island. There were several such cases among the travellers.

Reverend Samuel Marsden was the Minister at the local St Johns Church at
Parramatta (built 1808) and he encouraged courting days at the Factory once a
week. Women would pretty themselves and stand in line, while male settlers
(including convicts with a Ticket of Leave) would take their pick of the
single females. Only if she was willing would a wedding go ahead, sometimes a
few hours later. Many women saw this as an escape from their sentence, as they
would then be assigned to their husband for the remainder of their term. This
could be a wonderful decision for most of the women as it gave them a lot more
freedom and the chance for a home of their own and a family to care for. Two
couples who had met on the ship married later in Sydney, Jane Jones and John
Stilwell, Aaron Walters and Susannah Lallamont, both women were convicts, both
men had arrived free. The "Broxbornebury" women convicts were much sought
after as wives by the many ex-convicts or Ticket-of-Leave holders especially
by James Leek and Henry Shippy, who after their first "Broxbornebury" bride
died, married another. James Leek married Mary Molling and Sarah Whiting,
Henry married Jane Dannet and Ann Smith. Governor Macquarie frowned upon
couples not legally wed, but if they had stated they were already married on
their arrival, they sometimes found this was the only avenue open to them and
lived in defacto relationships. One lady, Mary Bruce,made a habit out of
committing bigamy until she was caught. Others, sadly, having left their
husbands and children behind in England, remained alone until their death.
Only about five women from the "Broxbornebury" (convict or free) married men
who had been born in the Colony or arrived free. A few other "Broxbornebury"
wives found their new husbands were violent towards them. Other women found a
hard life with men who were constantly in trouble with the law. Mrs Elizabeth
Byfield followed her husband to NSW as a free settler after he had been given
a life sentence in England. Mark Byfield's life ended on the gallows in Sydney
after the Judge found his criminal existence to be incorrigible.

Women convicts were the mothers of most of the first generation of native-born
Australian "Currency lads and lasses" and in Miriam Dixon's book "The Real
Matilda" she has called a chapter "Our Founding Mothers the Convicts". The
Children were mostly law-abiding and resourceful, unlike their parents, but
they had to fight the stigma from some free settlers. They could obtain
"honest" employment, were well paid and had fewer temptations here than in the
larger crowded English cities and towns.

At the end of their sentence, many convicts had the right to return to England
(or Ireland) if they wished and could afford the fare. The Colonial Government
wanted to encourage ex-convicts to stay and gave inducements such as land





grants, never an option back in their homeland. Some of the women from the
'Broxbornebury' "disappear" from the records and it is possible that they
returned to their homes and families left behind years before. Just like
Magwitch the convict in Charles Dickens' classic story Great Expectations.
Jane Ruth's husband Andrew Tiffin had disobeyed the law in returning to
England in 1812 after having only served three years of a life sentence to New
South Wales. He was fortunate to have a kindly Judge who commuted a death
sentence to return Andrew to Sydney with another life term. Another
"Broxbornebury" passenger Peggy Barrow and her husband William Stabler applied
to the Governor for a free berth on a ship that was travelling to England.

In 1816 Lord Bathurst wrote to Governor Macquarie that he was to send back to
England the two colonial brigs Emu and Kangaroo with "...such of the Female
Convicts,whose Terms of Transportation are expired, as may be willing to
return to their Native Country.(3) This seems a strange request, as it was
generally believed that females were.much needed in the Colony to try to make
an equilibrium of the sexes, as men vastly out-numbered women. The average age
of death for passengers from the "Broxbomebury" was 56 years.

Notes.
1. See appendix 3.
2. See appendix 2.
3. HRA Series 1, Volume 1X, pp 108-109 (Bathurst to Macquarie.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M Child 1: Robert BOGG #6207 died at age: 76
Born: c1799 in Lincolnshire, England
Died: 30 Apr 1875 in Bridgey Swamp, Big Hill, Arthursleigh, Marulan,NSW 6,7
Buried: 3 May 1875 in Church of England Cemetery Marulan NSW 8
Occupation: Shoemaker
Wife: Mary TOUCHER #3835 b. 8 Apr 1808 d. 5 Oct 1884 Also known as Mary WOOLSGROVE/HOWDEN
Married: 1825? in London England
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F Child 2: Charlotte BOGG #6216
Born: c1802 in Kirton, Lincolnshire, England
Husband: Henry LAMB #6274 b. 1800 d. 6 Jan 1839
Married: 1821 in St. Matthew's Church Windsor NSW 9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M Child 3: Charles BOGG #6217
Born: C1805 in Lincolnshire, England

BOGG. Charles. Information as set out by Elizabeth Hook in her book "Journey to a New Life"

"Charles was a son of Robert and Mary Boggs and he was born in England. He
embarked on the 'Broxbornebury' transport with his mother and siblings.
Charles became a shoemaker like his father. Aged about 24, Charles was
indicted for stealing 30 pigs from John Kennedy's property at Appin (near
Campbelltown) in 1825, but was found not guilty. He appeared again before the
Courts in March 1827 with John Norman, charged with assault on a soldier named
Query. The newspaper report stated that the two men knocked down the soldier
without provocation while drunk and then struck him with a handsaw. Both were
acquitted. In August 1827, Charles and a friend Henry Chantler, were charged
with stealing a gold watch from Robert Bogg's house (his father). The watch
belonged to Mary Ann, the second wife of Robert Bogg. Both men were found
guilty and sent for 7 years to the Penal Settlement at Moreton Bay, Qld.
Charles was captured in Sydney after having escaped in 1831, but before being
taken to the 'Phoenix' hulk in the harbour he disappeared again. He was caught
soon after and on his way back to Queensland he again escaped at Port
Macquarie, but was seized at Port Stephens and taken back to the hulk in
Sydney. The authorities still had plans to send him back to Moreton Bay but
Charles petitioned the Governor in December 1831 to be sent to Norfolk Island,
but this was refused. This seems a strange request, as Norfolk Island was
supposedly the worst of all the Penal Settlements. However, in 1832, nearly 4
years after being sentenced, this was where he was sent and the Colonial
Secretary's letter stated:

"Charles Bogg, who has absconded repeatedly
from Moreton Bay, is to be forwarded to Norfolk
Island, to be worked at the heaviest labour in
irons.... no indulgence of the least description
will be granted"

Less than 9 months later, Charles was back in Sydney after his term was
remitted by the Governor. He went first to the hulk, then to Hyde Park
Barracks before release.

Charles Bogg again appeared before the NSW Court of Quarter Sessions in
Sydney. Court records show the following:-

"Trial of Charles Bogg and James Davidson
Date: January 1833
Charles Bogg & James Davidson were accused of the assault on Peter Auton (or
Anton) on 29th October 1832. They had been bailed to appear on the 2nd of
November. 20 pounds each was put up as surety by Charles & James. Another 10
pounds fom George Thomas Greenshaw, of Goulburn and 10 pounds from Nathaniel
McCulloch, a publican.

The Court heard that Mr Auton, a labourer, was taking a horse & cart to fetch
water & when he was at the corner of Castlereagh & Park Streets, he was
approached by Charles & James on foot. He stated that the men told him to
leave the cart as they wanted to take it away but he refused to give up the
reins. This caused Charles to scream "damn his bloody eyes, take a knife to
cut his arms off". Eventually after assaulting Mr Auton around the face &
hands, the pair made off with the horse & cart.

The record does not state the decision of the Court, although the evidence of
witnesses was very incriminating.
(Reference - SRNSW Clerk of the Peace Quarter Sessions Records - 4/8456 - Jan 1833 - No. 38)

There are no records of a marriage nor a death and it is not known what
happened to Charles Bogg after this date.

Notes:
some information supplied by Lorna Parr; SG 15 July 1826 and 23 April 1827;
SRNSW Col Sec (Special Bundle X727 plO)
Ref. Journey to a New Life written by Elizabeth Hook. 1/15A Phyllis Street,
Minto NSW 2566. Published 2000 and addditional notes.

Additional notes supplied by Elizabeth Hook.

Notes:
CAME FREE with mother MARY & siblings
BC: 1801
Occupations: shoemaker, convict
1801-1819 -
Charles BOGG was one of seven children of Robert & Mary Bogg & he was born in
England. His father was charged with forgery & sent to NSW as a convict on the
"General Hewitt" & his mother Mary was given permission for her family to join
him & they travelled the same year on the "Broxbornebury" as free passengers.
Charles & his family joined Robert in Sydney, & he became a shoemaker like his
father. His mother Mary died in 1819.
"1825-1827 -
Aged about 24, Charles was indicted for stealing thirty pigs from John
Kennedy's property at Appin (near Campbelltown) in 1825, but was found not
guilty - (S.G. 30 June 1825, page 3). He appeared again before the Courts in
March 1827, with John Norman, charged with assault on a soldier named Query.
The newspaper report stated that the two men knocked down the soldier with no
provocation while drunk & then struck him with a handsaw. Both were acquitted.
In August 1827, Charles & a friend Henry Chantler, were charged with stealing
a gold watch from Robert Bogg's house (Charles's father !). The watch belonged
to Mary Ann, the second wife of Robert Bogg. Both men were found guilty & sent
for seven years to the penal settlement at Moreton Bay, Qld.
"6 March 1828 -
Charles was waiting to go to Moreton Bay (Qld), having been placed on the
hulk, Phoenix in Sydney Harbour.
No. 987
Name - Charles BOGG
Arrival - Came free
Trade - Shoemaker
Offence - Colonial conviction
By Whom - C1 Court
Where - Sydney
When - 1st March 1828
Sentence - 7 years
Offence - Stealing in a dwelling house
Destination - Moreton Bay
"1828 Census -
# Charles BOGG, CF, 7 years, Prot, Moreton Bay (Qld), (B1507)
"1831 -
"Three men landed from cutter "Lambton", runaways from Moreton Bay, Charles
BOGG, Martin Murphy & Henry Pistol. Took 6 weeks to get to Port Stephens from
Moreton Bay." (Reference - "Sydney Gazette" 15 August 1831, page 4E)
"1831-1832 -
Charles was captured in Sydney after having escaped in 1831, but before being
taken to the Phoenix hulk in the harbour, he disappeared again. He was caught
soon after & on his way back to Queensland he again escaped at Port Macquarie,
but was seized at Port Stephens & taken back to the hulk in Sydney.
The authorities still had plans to send him back to Moreton Bay but Charles
petitioned the Governor in December 1831 to be sent to Norfolk Island, but
this was refused. This seems a strange request, as Norfolk Island was
supposedly the worst of all the Penal Settlements. However, in 1832, nearly
four years after being sentenced, this was where he was sent & the Colonial
Secretary's letter stated: "Charles Bogg, who has absconded repeatedly from
Moreton Bay, is to be forwarded to Norfolk Island, to be worked at the
heaviest labour in irons.... no indulgence of the least description will be
granted."
Less than nine months later, Charles was back in Sydney after his sentence was
remitted by the Governor. He went first to the hulk, then to Hyde Park
Barracks. There are no records of a marriage nor a death & it is not known
what happened to Charles Bogg after this date. [Notes: some info supplied by
Lorna Parr; SG 15 July 1826 & 23 April 1827; SRNSW Col Sec (Special Bundle
X727 p10)]
"3 Oct 1832 -
Charles' record on his arrival back in Sydney -
Name - Charles BOGG
Arrival - BC (?)
Religion - Prot.
Trade - Shoemaker
When - 30 Sep 1832
Whence - Norfolk Island per Isabella
Purpose - Col. sentence remitted by His Excellency
Disposed of How - Hyde Park Barracks
When - 3 Oct 1832
Behaviour in Hulk - Good

NEW INFO:
NSW Court of Quarter Sessions in Sydney
Trial of Charles Bogg and James Davidson
Date: January 1833
Charles Bogg & James Davidson were accused of the assault on Peter Auton (or
Anton) on 29th October 1832.
They had been bailed to appear on the 2nd of November. 20 pounds each was put
up as surety by Charles & James. Another 10 pounds fom George Thomas
Greenshaw, of Goulburn and 10 pounds from Nathaniel McCulloch, a publican.
The Court heard that Mr Auton, a labourer, was taking a horse & cart to fetch
water & when he was at the corner of Castlereagh & Park Streets, he was
approached by Charles & James on foot. He stated that the men told him to
leave the cart as they wanted to take it away but he refused to give up the
reins. This caused Charles to scream "damn his bloody eyes, take a knife to
cut his arms off". Eventually after assaulting Mr Auton around the face &
hands, the pair made off with the horse & cart.
The record does not state the decision of the Court, although the evidence of
witnesses was very incriminating.
(Reference - SRNSW Clerk of the Peace Quarter Sessions Records - 4/8456 - Jan 1833 - No. 38)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M Child 4: Thomas BOGG #6218
Born: c1808 in Lincolnshire England
BOGG, Thomas (c1808-?)
Thomas arrived in Sydney on the Broxbornebury as a child with his mother Mrs
Mary Bogg and 5 other siblings.
Little is known of Thomas' life, but in 1828 he was working as a tailor at
Liverpool, south-west of Sydney. There is no record of a marriage, but in 1841
Thomas was listed as living in the Parramatta district with 9 children.
Nothing more has been determined about Thomas Bogg.

notes: Robert Bogg by Lorna Parr; 1828 Census, Thomas Bogg wrongly listed as
BC (Born in the Colony.) 1841 Census

Source, "Journey to a New Life" and Notes by Elizabeth Hook.

NOTE. There is a record of Thomas Bogg being charged with stealing (including
his fathers gold watch) and being convicted and sentenced.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F Child 5: Elizabeth BOGG #6219 died at age: 83
Born: c1810 in Lincolnshire, England
Died: 13 Nov 1893 in Luland Street, Botany NSW
Cause of death: Influenza, Bronchitis.
Buried: 15 Nov 1893 in Botany Cemetery NSW
Husband: George MORRIS #6282 b. c1808 d. 30 Oct 1872
Married: 29 Jan 1827 in St. James Church, Sydney NSW 10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F Child 6: Eliza BOGG #6215 died at age: 22
Born: c1813 in Lincolnshire, England
Died: 14 Feb 1835 in Sydney NSW
Husband: George Robert NICHOLLS #6302 b. 27 Sep1809 d. 1857
Married: 23 Mar 1832 in St. James Church Sydney NSW 11
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F Child 7: Ann BOGG #6220 died at age: 0
Born: 30 Sep 1815 in Sydney NSW
Baptized: 31 Dec 1815 in St. Phillips, Sydney NSW
Died: 7 Jul 1816 in Sydney NSW 12
Died in infancy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wife: Mary Ann CAWLE #6210 Formerly known as Mary COWELL/COWILL died at age: 41
Marriage Bann: 9 Jun 1826 in St. Phillip's Church, Sydney NSW 13
Married: 10 Jul 1826 in St. Phillip's Church, Sydney NSW 14 her age: 25
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Born: c1801 in Ballaugh, Isle of Man, U.K.
Baptized: 21 Apr 1805 in Ballaugh, Isle of Man, U.K.
Died: 28 Feb 1842 in Parramatta NSW 15
Father:
Mother:
Mary Ann Cawle arrived in Sydney as a convict aboard the "Mary" in 1824. The
Australian Convict Transportation Register records as follows:-

Mary Cowell, arrived aboard the ship "Mary (3)", convicted 27th August 1822,
voyage 3rd June 1823 to Van Diemans Land and NSW, place of conviction Castle
Rushens, on the Isle of Man.

The ship "Mary (3") sailed from London on 10th June 1823 and arrived in Sydney on 18th October 1823.

The Australian Convict Register details Mary Cowell, convicted at Castle
Rushens,( Gaol delivery) on 27th August 1822, sentenced for term of seven
years.

The Ship's Register of Convicts listed aboard the "Mary (3)" shows Mary
Cowell, trade - needle work, age 17 years, Native place - Isle of Mann,
unmarried - no children, height 5 feet, hazel eyes, brown hair, complexion -
fresh-freckles.

Mary appears in the 1825 Census and shows her employed by Mr. Poole in Sydney.

When Mary marries Robert Bogg Snr. in 1826 the Permission to Marry lists the ship of arrival as "Indry (3)
Ref. Fiche 780, Register No. 1 to 494, 1826-1828

The 1828 Census shows her as follows:

Cawle - Mary, Female, aged 22 years, Government Servant, Ship of Arrival -
"Mary", tried in London 1823, Sentence - seven years, Religion - Protestant,
Wife of Robert Bogg, Bootmaker, Pitt Street, Sydney. C 779.

Cawle-Robert, G3, Born in the Colony, son of Mary Cawle and Robert Bogg. C780.

As a matter of interest the following entry appears in the internet site
"Convicts to Australia" convict tales, an entry by:- Sandy Jones (nee Cowell)

"Mary COWELL was born in the Isle of Man in 1805. Her sister Jane Quayle and
brother in law were charged with theft of seven yards of ribbon and lace in
1822. The brother in law was aquitted but Mary and Jane were sentenced to 7
years in the colonies. They arrived together in Australia in Oct 1823.

Mary worked as a govt servant to Mrs Peate in Sydney. She had a child to a
Robert Ivory in 1825, but did not marry him. She married a man called Robert
Bogg in 1826. They had a son named James in 1829, she was also widowed that
year. She remarried in 1833 to James Oatley a 63 year old. Widowed in 1839.
Married William F Hulle in 1841 and died at the age of 36 in 1842 and is
buried at St Johns C of E Parramatta."

It would appear Mary Bogg (Cawle) in 1832 owned land in Elizabeth Street
(which she sold to James Oatley) and Pitt Street in Sydney.

Mary Ann Bogg after the death of Robert Bogg married James Oatley in Sydney in
1838. Ref. V1838 105 17 CA. James Oatley, aged 79 years died in 1839. Ref.
V1939 1328 102, V1839 295 103. It would appear Mary later later married
William F. Hulle in 1841. Ref. V1841 271 25C. CB. and died the following
February. V1842 681 26B aged 36 years. The marriage registration in 1826
states Mary's age as being 25 years, therefore being born 1801. As previously
stated in respect of Robert Bogg his age was understated by approx. 10 years.
The 1828 Census states her age as being 22 years.

As a matter of interest the story of James Oatley is set out hereunder. The
story is set out on the internet site of Kogarah Council.

James Oatley (1770-1839)
James Oatley was a clock and watchmaker in England when at the age of 44 he
was sentenced to transportation for stealing two feather beds.

He arrived in Australia in January 1815 and was fortunate, despite being a
convict, to be allowed, under Governor Macquarie's administration, to
establish himself as a watch and clockmaker in George Street. Oatley was soon
receiving commissions from Governor Macquarie including making the turret
clock in Hyde Park Barracks and soon became the Keeper of the Town Clocks.
His other work included making long case or "grandfather" clocks which were
purchased by the colony's leading citizens.

James Oatley received a Conditional Pardon on 25 October 1821.

In 1831 Oatley settled on 175 acres of land in the Hurstville district and
later received further grants bringing his total acreage in the St. George
area to 785 acres. He named his largest grant "Needwood Forest" after a
forest in his home county in Staffordshire, England, and became the largest
landowner in the southern part of the St George area after the Townson
brothers.

There appears to be some mystery surrounding James Oatley's marital
relationships. It is documented that he married Sarah Bennett on 27 October
1802 although it appears to be Mary Stokes, mother of his four children, who
took Sarah Bennett's place for the journey to Australia. It does not appear
that he ever formalised his relationship with Mary once he reached the
colonies. The Oatley family in Australia consisted of father James, mother
Mary, and four sons: Robert, James, Frederick and George. The relationship
between James and Mary appears to have been happy until the early 1830's
because in September 1833 James Oatley married another Mary, Mary Ann Bogg
(nee Cowell) although this marriage did not work out well and by early 1838
she was living with someone else.
(The latter sentence as set out in the Kogarah Webb site appears to be
incorrect. James Oatley and Mary Ann Bogg married in 1938 according to the
R.G. Index.)

James Oatley died at his residence at Snugborough Park on 8 October 1839 and
was buried in a vault on his farm. His second son, Frederick (1819-1890)
inherited the "Needwood Forest" grant and followed his father's footsteps
becoming a watchmaker. Another son, James, was Mayor of Sydney in 1862 and
Member for Canterbury in the Legislative Assembly 1864-1869.

Oatley's grave lay forgotten for many years until an anonymous correspondence
wrote to the "Truth" in May 1921 to say they came across an old grave between
Penshurst and Lakemba with the following inscription:

Sacred to the memory of James Oatley.

Obit October 8th, 1839, Etat 70 years'

The stone was rediscovered in 1925 when a Mr. W. Sivertsen took the headstone
to his home where it remained for 43 years. After Mr. Sivertsen's death the
headstone was passed to the Hurstville Historical Society. It has now been
restored and placed in the St George Regional Museum.


James Oatley's memory is commemorated in the naming of the suburb, Oatley,
Oatley Bay and Oatley Park.

Sources:
D.J. Hatton: Mr. Oatley: the celebrated watchmaker [and] The Story of the Oatley family, 1983.
Hurstville Historical Society: The Story of James Oatley, [and]
"The Long case clock" in The Sydney Monitor, 29 June 1833, p3.
The Australian Dictionary of Biography, 1788-1850
Lawrence, J: Pictorial Memories St George
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M Child 1: Robert CAWLE #6211 Also known as Robert BOGG
Born: 1825 in Sydney NSW 16

The 1828 Census as follows:

Cawle - Mary, Female, aged 22 years, Government Servant, Ship of Arrival -
"Mary", tried in London 1823, Sentence - seven years, Religion - Protestant,
Wife of Robert Bogg, Bootmaker, Pitt Street, Sydney. C 779.

Cawle-Robert, G3, Born in the Colony, son of Mary Cawle and Robert Bogg. C780.

Other details are not known of Robert Bogg/Cawle/Cowell
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M Child 2: James BOGG #6212
Born: 1 Mar 1829 in Sydney NSW 17
Baptized: 6 Sep 1829 in St. John's Parramatta NSW
Died: 1829 in Sydney NSW 18
Buried: from St. Phillip's C/E Church Sydney NSW
Died aged 10 months.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) 1779 Baptismal Register Robert Bogg 7th June 1779 Lincolnshire England aged 26 days,
father Robert Bogg, cooper, mother not readable.
(2) Death Cemetery Trans. unspecified B7/11/93 P.45 Robert Bogg.
(3) BDM V1829 1092 13 Death Reg. (Church Burial Register) Robert Bogg Sydney NSW Aged 65
years. Boot and Shoemaker. No details of parents. Also V1829 8479 2C.
(4) Death Cemetery Trans. B7/11/59 P.52 Robert Bogg.
(5) BDM V18194278 2B. Death Reg. Mary Bogg age 50 years. Also V1819 45 8.
(6) Burial Index C/E Church Marulan NSW Died at Bannaby 21 Dec 1878.
(7) BDM 1875/6250 Death Reg. Goulburn NSW Robert Bogg. No Parents shown.
(8) C/E Parish Register AH AGSC Y1/CR.
(9) BDM V1821 2779 3B CC. Reg. Windsor NSW Henry Lamb and Charlotte Bogg.
(10) BDM V1827 121 11 CJ St. James Church Sydney NSW George Morris and Elizabeth Bogg.
(11) BDM V1831 5173 3B CJ. Marriage Reg. St. James Church Sydney NSW. George R.
Nicholls and Eliza Bogg. Additonal reference BDM V1832 1053 15 Parish Register St. James
C/E Sydney George Robert Nicholls and Eliza Bogg by Banns
(Ref. Elizabeth Hook)
(12) BDM V1816 3607 2B, Death Reg. Ann Bogg, Infant. Also V1816 495 7.
(13) BDM V1826 411 44B Marriage Reg. Sydney NSW. Robert Bogg and Mary A. Cowle.
(14) BDM V1826 93 10 Reel 5002, or V1826 411 44B, V1926 3315 3B, Marriage Register St.
Phillip's Church Sydney NSW. Robert Bogg and Mary Ann Cawle.
(15) BDM V1842 681 26B. Death Reg. Mary Hulle aged 36 years. No record shown of Parents.
(16) 1828 census records. Born in the Colony, son of Mary Cawle and Robert Bogg.
(17) BDM V1829 77 13 or V1829 9369 1C Baptismal Register St. Phillips Sydney NSW.
(18) BDM V1830 8879 2C Burial Register St. Phillip's Sydney NSW James Bogg (Infant).
Also V1830 250 14.

Robert married Mary [18432] [MRIN: 6635]. (Mary [18432] was born in 1766, died on 22 Mar 1819 in Sydney NSW Australia and was buried in Old Central Cemetery Sydney NSW.)

Robert next married Mary Ann COWLE [18450] [MRIN: 6641], daughter of COWLE [26523] and Unknown, on 10 Jul 1826 in St Phillips Sydney. (Mary Ann COWLE [18450] was born about 1806 and died in 1842 in Sydney NSW Australia.)